Relative Pronoun

Relative Pronoun adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan salah satu pokok kalimat atau bagian kalimat lainnya yang menghubungkan dua buah kalimat menjadi satu kalimat majemuk (compex sentence). Kata-kata yang digunakan sebagai penghubung yaitu: who, whom, whose, which, where, when.

a. Who/that: Yang
    - Digunakan untuk pengganti orang sebagai subjek
   -  Penggunaan relative pronoun “who/that”
We know a lot of people. They live in Canada
We know a lot of people who live in Canada

The man. He lives next door – is very friendly
The man who lives next door is very friendly

Contoh:
The man was an eyewitness
He wrote about the explosion

b. Whom/that: Yang
   - Digunakan untuk pengganti objek (pengganti unsur objek yang hilang)
The man who wrote about the explosion was an eyewitness
 - Penggunaan relative pronoun “whom/that”

The man wanted to see him. He was away on holiday.
The man whom/that I wanted to see was away on holiday.

The girl fell in love with the man. I met him last year
The girl fell in love with the man whom/that I met last year.

Note:
Objeknya hilang karena sudah diganti dengan “whom/that” bentuk relative pronoun yang objek dalam salah satu bagian kalimatnya mengandung preposisi (in, at, for, to dll).

I know the girl. Tom talking to her now.
I know the girl to whom Tom is talking now.

c. Which/ that = yang (untuk benda/binatang)
- Digunakan untuk menggantikan benda/binatang, baik kedudukannya dalam
kalimat sebagai subjek maupun sebagai objek (pengganti unsur benda yang
hilang).
- Contoh Penggunaan “which/that”

I don‟t like stories – they have unhappy endings.
I don‟t like stories that/which have unhappy endings.

The window – it was broken – it has now been repaired
The window which was broken has now been repaired

Note:
1. Unsur benda yang hilang karena sudah diganti dengan what/that
2. Relative pronoun yang salah satu bagian kalimatnya mengadung preposisi
diletakkan sebelum kata “which”.
Example: This is the club. He is the president of it
     This is the club of which he is the president

d. Whose = yang(untuk manusia)
-Digunakan untuk menggantikan kata ganti kepunyaan: my, your, our, his, their, its, her (possessive   adjective). Dengan kata lain, “whose” digunakan untuk menggantikan unsure kepunyaan yang dihilangkan.
- Penggunaan “whose”
Example:
We saw the people. Their car has been stolen
We saw the people whose car had been stolen

The other day I met the man. I visited his friend
The other day I met the man whose friend I visited

e. Where = in which (dimana)
- Digunakan untuk menggantikan salah satu bagian kalimat yang menunjukan tempat.
- Penggunaan “where”

Example:
The hotel – We stayed there – it wasn‟t very clean.
The hotel where we stayed wasn‟t very clean.

I recently went back to the town. I was born there.
I recently went back to the town where I was born.

f. When = yang (benda/ manusia)
- Digunakan untuk menggantikan keterangan waktu. Dengan kata lain bahwa relative clause when menggantikan salah satu keterangan waktu dalam salah satu bagian kalimat yang lain.
-Penggunaan “when”

Contoh Soal:
1. The President Director of bank Utama ............ is being accused of corruption will be taken
to court.
(A) Whom     (D) which
(B) Who        (E) where
(C) Whose

2. “Who is Ismail Marzuki?”
“Well, he is the composer ......... many people consider one of the great in Indonesia.”
(A) Whom     (D) whose
(B) Who        (E) where
(C) Which

3. I live in the town ........ he was born
(A) Whom     (D) whose
(B) Where     (E) who
(C) Which

4. This is the latest news about the kidnapping of the richest businessman in town ........ we
received a few minutes ago.
(A) Whom        (D) whose
(B) Of which     (E) who
(C) Where

Ket. Waktu Relative Clause
She came
We got there
on the day
at the time
when

5. I spoke to the man ........... wife had been admitted to the hospital.
(A) Who        (D) which
(B) Whom      (E) in which
(C) Whose

6. A person ............. comes to live in big cities for a few years usually notice that lifestyle seem
to change very fast.
(A) Who                  (D) whose
(B) From whom       (E) in which
(C) Of which

7. People ........... business have been slowing down recently are so depressed that they suffer
from various diseases.
(A) Whose            (D) whom
(B) In which          (E) who
(C) That

8. Teachers ........... do not spend enough time on class preparation often have difficulty
explaining new lesson.
(A) Who           (D) where
(B) That            (E) whom
(C) In which

9. He introduced me to the lady ........... I met at the station
(A) Whom        (D) with which
(B) Whose       (E) where
(C) Which

10. The oldest known bison fossils have been found in China and in the Himalaya foothills
.an animals with all the essential features of the genus lived a million years ago .........
(A) Where              (D) which
(B) From whom      (E) whose
(C) To which

sumber: http://cilad.unissula.ac.id/download/ModuleTOEFL.pdf